In this process, people need to perceive external information, make plans and decisions, in which working memory is undoubtedly important as an immediate information storage and processing system. And then, they need to combine their previous experience and cues from the current environment to make actions and finally find the destination. During wayfinding people should be clear about their current position. According to Passini (1981), wayfinding refers to people's ability to find a destination in familiar or unfamiliar situations, which involves three processes: processing environmental information in accordance with current and previous experience, making decisions or plans based on information and executing a plan or taking actions. Wayfinding is a behavioral process of moving purposefully from the starting point to the end point, which involves various cognitive processes. Our study demonstrated that both the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad mattered in wayfinding and to break the advantage in men required more challenging secondary tasks.

There was also no significant difference between the two types of dual tasks. It was found that wayfinding performance in dual-task groups was significantly deteriorated in comparison with the control group. In order to further explore the effect of dual-task conditions on male participants, Experiment 2 was conducted to explore how the two dual-task conditions might affect male participants’ wayfinding as the difficulty of secondary tasks increased. The differences between dual-task and control group mainly came from the female participants, while the male participants were relatively not affected by the secondary tasks. The results showed that it took more time in dual-task groups than the control group to complete the primary task, and male participants travelled significantly faster than female participants.

Experiment 1 was designed to detect the effects of experimental conditions (control/phonological dual-task/visuospatial dual-task group) and gender on wayfinding performance. Grounding pins 4 - 11 cause the hat switches to change position.The role of phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad in wayfinding was tested in a virtual maze employing dual-task paradigm through two experiments. HatSwitchTest - Creates a joystick with two hat switches. GamepadExample - Creates a simple Gamepad with an Up, Down, Left, Right, and Fire button.ĭrivingControllerTest - Creates a Driving Controller and tests 4 buttons, the Steering, Brake, and Accelerator when pin A0 is grounded.įlightControllerTest - Creates a Flight Controller and tests 32 buttons, the X and Y axis, the Throttle, and the Rudder when pin A0 is grounded. Maps pin 9 to Joystick Button 0, pin 10 to Joystick Button 1, pin 11 to Keyboard key 1, and pin 12 to Keyboard key 2. JoystickKeyboard - Creates a Joystick and a Keyboard. JoystickButton - Creates a Joystick and maps pin 9 to button 0 of the joystick, pin 10 to button 1, pin 11 to button 2, and pin 12 to button 3. MultipleJoystickTest - Creates 4 Joysticks using the library and exercises the first 16 buttons, the X axis, and the Y axis of each joystick when pin A0 is grounded. It exercises many of the Joystick library’s functions when pin A0 is grounded. JoystickTest – Simple test of the Joystick library. These will appear in the Arduino Example menu when the Arduino Joystick Library is installed. The example Arduino sketch files listed below are included in this library.

Sketchpad 0.5